Patient information
What is it?
Diabetic retinopathy is the damage that high blood sugar causes to the blood vessels of the retina. It is a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. In its early stages it produces no symptoms, but when detected in time it can be treated and its progression stopped.
Symptoms & warning signs
- In early stages: none
- Fluctuating blurred vision
- Spots or "floaters" in your field of vision
- Dark or empty areas in your vision
- Sudden vision loss (a bleed — an emergency)
How is it diagnosed?
A complete retinal mapping is performed with dilated pupils to identify microbleeds, exudates or areas of poor blood flow before they affect vision. Every patient with diabetes should have a retinal exam at least once a year, even if they see well.
When is treatment recommended?
Treatment is indicated when there are sight-threatening lesions: macular edema or abnormal new vessels. The sooner it is treated, the better the visual outcome. Joint control of blood sugar, blood pressure and cholesterol with your treating physician is a key part of the plan.
What is the procedure like?
Depending on the stage, treatment may include laser photocoagulation to seal damaged vessels and prevent bleeding, along with coordination with your endocrinologist or internist. Dr. Flores provides regular follow-up with comparative retinal mapping.
- Retinal mapping with dilated pupils
- Prevention of bleeding inside the eye
- Laser photocoagulation when required
- Coordination with your endocrinologist or internist
Recovery
The goal is to preserve useful vision and avoid complications. With timely check-ups and good metabolic control, the vast majority of patients with diabetes can prevent severe vision loss.
Frequently asked questions
I have diabetes but I see fine — do I really need a retina exam?
Yes. Diabetic retinopathy causes no symptoms in its early stages, which is exactly when it responds best to treatment. A yearly retina exam is part of standard diabetes care for everyone with the condition.
Does the retina exam hurt?
No. Drops are used to dilate the pupil, which cause a few hours of blurred vision and light sensitivity, so it is best to come with someone and not drive immediately afterward.
Does laser cure retinopathy?
Laser stops the damage from progressing and prevents bleeding; it does not reverse existing damage. That is why the emphasis is on early detection and good blood-sugar control.
The information on this page is educational and does not replace a medical consultation. Each case is evaluated individually by Dra. Fabiola Esther Flores Arredondo.